The institution of procedural fraud is recognized not only in the constant jurisprudence of the Reichsgericht and the Federal Court of Justice but also in legal literature. The author examines the problems that procedural fraud presents in various types of civil procedural law in both theory and practice. Subsequently, she questions the venerable institution of procedural fraud. Based on today's fraud doctrine, the author denies the fundamental question of the possibility of procedural fraud at all. She concludes that procedural deceit, de lege lata, is generally not punishable. Finally, a proposal is developed for a new provision regarding false party assertions, which is intended to penalize actions that are widely agreed upon in jurisprudence and literature as deserving of punishment.