This historical study of science comprehensively traces the research on smell and taste from its ancient beginnings to the present day for the first time. It also addresses philosophical efforts to define smelling and tasting. The theories of smell and taste by Plato, Aristotle, Schelling, and Hegel, which have received little attention in philosophical literature so far, are discussed in detail and placed in the context of their philosophical thinking. The latest findings from natural scientific research on smell and taste are also included. The study concludes with a brief outlook on the relationship between philosophy and empirical natural research.