The book outlines the developments in the area of effective individual legal protection since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. Initially, it explains the changes in the preliminary ruling procedure and introduces the new urgent preliminary ruling procedure (Art. 107 ff VerfO). Furthermore, it presents the innovations regarding the action for annulment by individuals according to Art. 263 para. 4 TFEU. It examines whether the new wording has led to an expansion of individual legal protection, thereby eliminating any gaps in legal protection. Finally, the author addresses the explicit obligation of member states to ensure effective legal protection in areas affected by Union law (Art. 19 para. 1 subpara. 2 TEU). It questions whether this mere obligation is truly sufficient to guarantee effective legal protection.