The study examines the gender history of Germanic-speaking peoples during the Roman Empire, the Migration Period, and the early Middle Ages. It characterizes the relevant gender-historical phenomena within the societies of Germanic-speaking groups from the first to the seventh century using Roman and Greek sources, as well as some Germanic sources, and places them in the context of European cultural history at the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. The study brings the history of various groups, such as the Goths, Franks, Vandals, Burgundians, and Lombards, back into the center of interest, framed within the context of gender studies, and employs a comparative perspective. This comparative approach proves to be fruitful in analyzing gender-historical manifestations within the societies of these early historical and Migration Period ethnicities: forms of marriage and marriage law, puberty, birth control, same-sex behavior, and transvestism.