This book examines the challenging process that Buddhism in Indonesia has undergone until its official recognition as a religion (Agama). The author illustrates the connections between religious and minority politics in the adaptation of Buddhism to the framework of a theistically oriented constitution. Its positioning within the religious landscape of Indonesia occurred against the backdrop of political upheavals, a demanded conformity to Pancasila, and the conditions set by the Ministry of Religion. Like all religions in Indonesia, Buddhism must present a god. The protagonists of Buddhism have responded innovatively to these circumstances. Thus, a multifaceted dynamic developed from a necessity in religious politics. At the end of these conflict-ridden negotiation processes, the question now arises whether Agama Buddha (di) Indonesia represents Buddhism in Indonesia or an Indonesian Buddhism.