Globalization should by no means be understood as a linear and uniform process, as is often suggested in a purely economic interpretation. While numerous phenomena in globalization share a common reference within their universal unboundedness, the effects are highly variable and often contradictory on a regional and sectoral level. The systemic contradiction is almost a fundamental symptom of globalization. Under the guiding aspect of a 'simultaneity of the unequal,' this textbook presents and discusses structural phenomena across a total of 14 chapters. These cover transnational aspects and questions such as international migration, modern supranational terrorism, global demographic growth, climate change, new wars, revolutions in the Arab world, and the opportunities presented by new communication technologies. The presentation is aimed equally at students, educators, and those politically interested.