Starting from the question of which family relationships can establish duties of care according to the current opinion in case law and literature, this work focuses on the emergence and interpretation of Section 13 (1) of the Criminal Code. It discusses the compatibility of the formulation 'is legally responsible for' chosen in the law with the principle of legal certainty. It is highlighted that Section 13 (1) of the Criminal Code should be understood as a blanket provision that refers to legal obligations already existing elsewhere in the legal system. Finally, family law is examined in relation to such legal obligations, and the need for legislative action is identified.