This book examines whether private activities during working hours constitute violations of work obligations or socially acceptable behavior that employers must tolerate. Private activities are inevitably a byproduct of workplace reality. Surfing the internet, prayer and smoking breaks, trips to the restroom, and casual conversations among colleagues dominate the daily work routine. The author develops universally applicable standards and criteria for assessing the misconduct of private work interruptions. He emphasizes that a return to the principles of employment contract law is urgently needed. Private work interruptions cannot be justified by considering a general, unsanctioned short-term freedom from performance during working hours.