The work examines the legal possibilities and limitations of privatizing federal highways. Starting from a general analysis of different types of privatization and the concept of state responsibilities, specific guidelines for the task of providing federal highways are developed. In addition to an analysis of constitutional law, the study also investigates European legal influences on the decision and design of privatization. Furthermore, the privatization approaches applied in the area of federal highways are presented and analyzed in terms of their specific legal requirements. In particular, the legal issues surrounding the awarding of current operating models are the subject of an in-depth investigation.