The tremendous advances in medicine increasingly raise the question of whether one is allowed or should do everything that is possible. For example, is it legally permissible and/or morally justifiable or even required to refrain from certain actions? The legitimate demand that the autonomy of patients must not be violated imposes new and further-reaching moral and legal requirements on healthcare professionals. Clearly, there is significant uncertainty among those in the medical professions regarding how to assess the delicate decisions they must make daily from a moral-ethical and, above all, legal perspective. This book presents the fundamentals of legal thinking in an easily understandable form, which are important for evaluating medical-ethical questions.