In a comprehensive study, Dieter Maurer and Claudia Riboni focus on the earliest drawings and paintings by children, thus exploring the "lowest" structure of the visual and aesthetic: How do images appear, or "emerge"? What characteristics, structures, and developments can be observed in early graphic expressions? Are early images products or processes? Are early image features universal, context-dependent, or individual? What constitutes early visual cognition and aesthetics? What general determinations of "image" or "images" does image genesis refer to? What general aspects of early symbolic behavior do early images point to? The results of their research at the Zurich University of the Arts are continuously published within the series, of which the fourth volume is presented here.