The work conducts a legal comparison of the development of central banks and banking supervision in Germany and the Netherlands from a legal historical and contemporary perspective. The focus is retrospectively on the second half of the 20th century. The investigation does not only aim to highlight similarities and differences but also explains them against the historical background of the two central banks and banking supervision within their respective legal systems. Legal aspects are emphasized, rather than economic ones. In addition to the historical analysis, current problem areas are evaluated, and recommendations for future reforms are made in the conclusion.