Anthropological philosophy starts with the fundamental question of what defines humans as humans. The answers that have been provided over the millennia to this question are countless. Gerald Hartung offers guidance and demonstrates how humans have been perceived by philosophers throughout the ages in the context of nature, society, and culture. For this second edition, the volume has been thoroughly revised and supplemented with a concluding chapter on the future of philosophical anthropology, the research program of evolutionary anthropology, trends in cultural anthropology, and recent (bio)technologies.