While in general natural science the phenomena of nature often serve merely as a starting point for the formulation of equations and theories, the author's clear intention is to proceed phenomenologically. The presentation begins with individual phenomena and their precise observation, then relates the phenomena to one another so that they illuminate each other in their entirety and lead to a deeper understanding of nature. The description of many everyday phenomena and the inclusion of measurements and numerical data from practice encourage increased personal observation. This presentation serves as a complement and continuation of the first volume on mechanics and thermodynamics.