A few weeks after the liberation of Paris, in October 1944, Sartre wrote the present essay. He published the first part, "The Portrait of the Anti-Semite," in December 1945 in Les Temps Modernes. He had initially hesitated to print the complete text, fearing that the analysis of the inauthentic Jew could be misunderstood. It was primarily the positive reaction of Jewish intellectuals that prompted him to present the unabridged text to the public in 1946. "The anti-Semite... is a man who is afraid. Not of the Jews, of course: of himself, of his consciousness, of his freedom, of his drives, of his responsibilities, of loneliness, of change, of society, and of the world; above all, except for the Jews. He is a coward who does not want to acknowledge his cowardice; a murderer.".