William James (1842-1910) was a professor of psychology and philosophy at Harvard University from 1876 to 1907. In 1872, he co-founded the "Metaphysical Club" with his friend C. S. Peirce, which served as a kind of seedbed for American pragmatism. James was also one of the most important reformers of psychology, anticipating numerous later movements such as behaviorism and Gestalt psychology; his major work "Principles of Psychology" (1890) provides a comprehensive overview of 19th-century psychology in all its breadth. Klaus Schubert is a professor of German politics and policy field analysis at the University of Münster. Axel Spree is a co-editor of the series KunstPhilosophie.