Through detailed case studies, the authors explain how mentalization can be implemented as a treatment concept in practice. Communication sequences from therapy sessions are presented. The case studies focus on working with depressed patients, patients with low structural integration who tend to have intense emotional stress reactions, the therapy of trauma-related disorders, and the specifics of treating adolescents. The vivid description of the sequences and case studies bridges the gap between theory and practice, demonstrating how mentalization can be applied in one's own practice. This foundational book outlines the approach in outpatient therapy, explaining the basics of treatment as well as diagnostics, conditions, and intervention options.