Viktor Emil Frankl (1905-1997) was a professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Vienna and also held professorships in America, including at Harvard University as well as at universities in Dallas and Pittsburgh. The U.S. International University in California established a chair in logotherapy specifically for him, the psychotherapeutic approach created by Frankl, also known as the third Viennese school (after the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud and the individual psychology of Alfred Adler). He was awarded 29 honorary doctorates from universities around the world. The Austrian Academy of Sciences elected him as an honorary member, the highest honor that Austria can bestow on scientists. His 32 books have been published in 29 languages. Frankl was invited to give lectures at 209 universities across all five continents.