The equality of Protestants is no longer in doubt, while the equality of the Slovenian ethnic group is still out of reach in Carinthia. This study aims to change this situation and sheds light on a little-known piece of history in three sections. Part 1 compares the histories of both minorities from 1781 to 1918, focusing on significant events, as well as parallel and differing developments. Part 2 analyzes the confrontations and conflicts between the predominantly German-speaking Protestant and Slovenian populations from 1918 to 1945. Finally, Part 3 examines whether and to what extent the year 1945 represented a "zero hour" for both minorities.