Antisemitism has gained new relevance, particularly under the banner of Islamist fundamentalism – there is even talk of a new antisemitism. At the same time, the antisemitic patterns are very old; they have a long history and represent perhaps the oldest cultural pathology of all. Since at least the 1930s, psychoanalytic authors have engaged intensively with antisemitism in the context of (religious) history and current (mass) movements. The contributions gathered here from authors across different disciplines build on this tradition and address the backgrounds of the rampant antisemitism. They also examine the relationship between Judaism and psychoanalysis and pose the controversially discussed question of whether psychoanalysis is a form of secularized Judaism or simply a non-religious form of enlightenment.