Both neuroscience and mystical traditions in the East and West question the existence of a constant self. The idea that the self is merely an illusion provokes and challenges psychoanalysis, which sees the cause of mental suffering in a fragmented self. Mysticism, on the other hand, argues that attachment to the self creates suffering. What new perspectives emerge when the self is recognized as an illusion, and what dangers arise when the self is not taken seriously enough? The author brings the concepts of the self from wisdom-based spiritual traditions and psychoanalysis into an integrative dialogue, leading to an expanded understanding of the unconscious. The book offers insights for a therapeutic-psychoanalytic approach and technique that addresses spiritual needs.