The image of motherhood is both traditionally shaped and subject to constant change. Cultural ideals and role models, as well as individual self-understanding, influence our perception of motherhood. Against this backdrop, one must ask: How "natural" are being a mother and maternal love? How do societal demands – for example, the compatibility of work and family – affect the roles of women and mothers, as well as the newly defined role of fathers? The authors explore these questions, shedding light on both the historical dimensions of various maternal images and current issues and phenomena related to the myth of motherhood. They question stereotypes and family ideals, examine the physical and psychological dimensions of motherhood, and highlight the possibilities for self-determined motherhood and fatherhood. Contributions are made by Karin Flaake, Helga Krüger-Kirn, Marita Metz-Becker, Ingrid Rieken, Elisabeth de Sotelo, Sabine Toppe, and Ulrike Wagner-Rau, along with a contribution from the gallery owner Michael W. Schmalfuss.