The expulsion of female psychoanalysts from Austria in 1938 had far-reaching consequences for the psychoanalytic movement, even after 1945. The authors of this volume provide a unique overview of the development of Viennese psychoanalysis from its dissolution to the turn of the millennium, thereby illustrating the impact of the expulsion of intellectual elites on history. The invasion of German troops into Austria in 1938 and the annexation to the German Reich not only marked the end of Austria but also initiated the end of psychoanalysis and the Vienna Psychoanalytic Association (WPV) in Vienna. Of the 102 members of the WPV before 1938, only three female psychoanalysts remained in Vienna; all others were able to flee. This volume includes contributions to the history of the WPV and personal memories of expulsion.