The scientific worldview has undergone revolutionary upheavals time and again. Theories of evolution and quantum physics have introduced fundamentally new principles into the scientific explanation of the world. However, all these groundbreaking insights have only partially found their way into the modern worldview, despite the fact that many of the new scientific ideas stand in direct opposition to earlier ones. In this book, the author examines and compares various interpretations of modern physics and biology, relating them to one another. The surprising phenomena of quantum physics, which often seem like science fiction, necessitate a revision of well-known concepts of causality and objective reality. The evolutionary descent of humans, in turn, raises its own epistemological questions regarding the conditions and limitations of the human experience.