Jasper Böing presents a typology of spatial identification using the city of Hagen as an example, which includes various forms of expression and pays special attention to the mode of non-identification. In the context of urban planning and marketing, as well as from an urban sociological perspective, identification with the city is considered an important resource. However, supporting and promoting these endogenous potentials requires knowledge of them. Therefore, the author relates sociological insights to urban-initiated measures and reveals starting points for informed and targeted valorization measures and strategies.