Imagination and Thinking Combined: Humans possess the unique ability to imagine things, design experiments in their minds, and then play them out to gain new insights. The first part of the book investigates what actually happens during this process. The second part gathers more than forty thought experiments—from Plato's Allegory of the Cave to Putnam's 'Brain in a Vat,' as well as examples from literature and film. Each experiment is presented in its original text or retold. Following this, the discussion surrounding the experiment is summarized, and a concluding interpretation is offered. Thus, the volume serves not only as a collection of texts but also as a guide for creating one's own thought experiments. For the second edition, the preface has been revised, and the presentation has been supplemented with four new experiments, including 'The Friendly Liar' (Kant).