Over 120 texts on the role of materials are presented here. Goethe and Ruskin are included, along with visual artists such as Tatlin, Beuys, or Robert Smithson, architects, artisans, and designers like Gottfried Semper or Henry van de Velde, as well as professionals who have fallen into obscurity today. The invention of new materials at the beginning of the industrial age led to heated debates. Disputes arose over the function, aesthetics, and significance of materials. 'Material justice' was the battle cry in the late 19th century against the adaptable 'neo-materials.' The discussions that continued well into the post-World War II era addressed fundamental questions regarding working methods, the relationship between form and material, the role of materials in style formation, and the establishment of national identity. The book is accompanied by introductory comments on each text.