The return of religion is on everyone's lips. This also expresses a discomfort with the developments of a modernity in which scientific and technical reason seems to be reaching its limits. Against this backdrop, the aim of the handbook is to reflect on the currently much-discussed opportunities, but also the dangers associated with a return of religion, from the perspective of the philosophy of religion. It presents 75 works from nearly 2500 years of Western intellectual history, from Plato to Jean-Luc Marion, which are contextualized by recognized experts and analyzed in their historical impact. A handbook for all those interested in the history of religion, religious studies, theology, and philosophy.