Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), known in German as "unruhige Beine," is a common neurological disorder that has been described since the 17th century. It is primarily characterized by agonizing restlessness, burning, or tingling sensations in the legs, especially when at rest. As a result, the condition often deprives sufferers of essential sleep. Sometimes, the arms are also affected by this restlessness. Many patients endure a long journey from doctor to doctor over the years before finally receiving an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. This guide explains how to recognize the condition and presents all currently known forms of therapy. Preventive measures are also of great importance and are therefore described in detail.