The Rococo brought a refinement to the entire courtly life. In the Baroque period, Louis XIV of France had turned his life into a public spectacle, while the Rococo saw a counter-movement that retreated into the private sphere (courtly escapism). Monumental displays of power and the vigorous dynamism of the Baroque were replaced by cultivated living and a light-footed, sensitive way of life, combined with noble delicacy and gallant manners. In sculpture and especially in painting, private or even erotic themes frequently emerged. It is referred to as the age of Décadence, and Voltaire called it the century of trivialities. At the French court, a Rococo fashion emerged that spread throughout Europe. The following adjectives are used to describe this era: suggestively smiling, but rarely serious.