In the extensive architectural oeuvre of Andrea Palladio (1508-1580), the country residence built for the noble Bonifazio Poiana during his middle creative period holds a prominent position among the villas in the Veneto. Palladio emphasizes its significance in his "Quattro libri dell'architettura." The decoration of the interiors is closely linked to the architectural design. The furnishings of the villas in the Veneto served not only for social representation but also to illustrate the societal and political ideals of the patrons. This is exemplified by the fresco decoration of Villa Poiana, which centers around the worship of Pax, the goddess of peace. The villa's decoration was created by the painters Giambattista Zelotti, Anselmo Canera, and Bernardino di Cristoforo del Mandello, known as India, as well as the sculptor Bartolomeo Ridolfi. It reflects contemporary political ideals through the reception of Roman history and religion. The individual image themes illustrate and complement the literarily transmitted ideal, particularly the historical vision of both the client and the architect. This work is the first to monographically address the decoration of Villa Poiana. Additionally, relevant aspects of other noble houses from the Cinquecento are included, allowing the reader to become acquainted with characteristic private buildings through comparisons. The focus on individual objects does not imply a limitation; rather, Villa Poiana should be understood as an exemplum of Palladian architecture and the decorations created in the same spirit, according to the modes of humanistic historiography.