This anthology on school sports research examines selected foundations, approaches, and methods from a primarily theoretical-methodological perspective and aims to critically evaluate them while providing suggestions for future development. The contributions are divided into three thematic blocks: The first part of the volume summarizes articles that address fundamental questions and findings regarding school sports research in general, as well as sports didactics and research in physical education specifically. The second thematic block focuses on different approaches and methodological questions related to quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods procedures in school sports research. The third part includes contributions that deal with the recent developments in school sports research.