Strokes, traumatic brain injuries, and other neurological disorders can limit the ability to participate in road traffic as a driver. This can be due to both physical and mental impairments. Different legal regulations apply to the various conditions, which form the basis for assessments of driving fitness by doctors or psychologists. Depending on the nature of the impairments, these may be compensated for or potentially treated. In some cases, however, the outcome of an examination may also result in the individual having to refrain from driving. This guide is intended for affected individuals, their relatives, and therapists, with the aim of providing extensive information to facilitate engagement with this challenging topic. The guide informs about the fundamentals of driving fitness.