The book "Sedimentation and Sediment Transport" offers a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and advancements in the field of sediment transport and sedimentation in water bodies. It highlights the necessity for a deeper understanding of these processes to better address ecological and technical issues in rivers and lakes. The contributions come from renowned researchers who present new mathematical and scientific insights relevant to sediment issues. The work discusses innovative strategies for managing the complexity of the topic and emphasizes the importance of linking theoretical research, laboratory experiments, and practical field observations. The topics covered include turbulence, non-local phenomena, stability, self-organization, and numerical simulations, making the book a valuable resource for professionals and students looking to engage with the latest developments in this field.