Social revolutionary terrorism, in its breadth and ideological connections, has degenerated into a neglected area of research. While the relevant organizations of the 1960s and 1970s (RAF, Movement 2nd June, Red Brigades, Tupamaros) were among the dominant factors in media coverage, today they exist in the shadows alongside the transnational network terrorism that dominates the agenda. The focus of this anthology is not only on the historical analysis of the most important European and overseas social revolutionary groups but also on their ideological framework as well as the common conditions of their emergence and decline. As is evident in tactical and ideological edge cases, social revolutionary thought can also be found in modern forms of terrorism. Against this backdrop, it becomes clear that terrorism motivated by social revolutionary ideals remains relevant.