In recent years, the workshop "Image Processing for Medicine" has established itself through successful events. The goal for 2016 is again to present current research findings and to deepen discussions between scientists, industry, and users. The contributions in this volume - some of which are in English - cover all areas of medical image processing, particularly imaging and acquisition, molecular imaging, visualization and animation, anatomical atlases, patient-specific simulation and planning, biomechanical modeling, image processing in telemedicine, image-guided robots, surgical simulators, and much more.