This book summarizes the current state of research on the topic of cannabis. For this purpose, all significant research studies published in German and English over the last 10 years were systematically researched and evaluated. It presents: the psychological, organic, and social risks of consuming plant-based and synthetic cannabis products for recreational purposes, the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of cannabis medicine for organic and mental health disorders, and the motives and expectations for non-medically prescribed use of cannabis as a form of self-medication. The expertise provides a comprehensive overview of the current literature. It assesses the therapeutic potential and risks of cannabis according to international methodological guidelines of evidence-based medicine. Thus, the expertise serves as a solid reference work.