The book "Chemolithoautotrophic Bacteria" offers a comprehensive examination of the role of chemolithoautotrophic bacteria in the biosphere and their impact on the Earth's surface. It highlights the biochemical and physiological advancements in research on these bacteria and their interactions with inorganic substances as well as human activities. The authors present current findings on the oxidation mechanisms of ammonia, nitrite, sulfur compounds, and iron by specific bacteria. Additionally, the properties of various cytochromes are described to enhance the understanding of bacterial oxidation systems of inorganic compounds. The book also addresses practical applications of these bacteria, such as in wastewater treatment and biohydrometallurgy, and concludes with a discussion on bacteria considered to be the closest relatives to the origins of life.