The Biomedicine Convention of the Council of Europe establishes legally binding regulations for the protection of human rights in human and embryo research, organ transplantation, as well as genetic analysis and therapy. In Germany, the convention is highly controversial. Due to fears that the constitutionally mandated and legally guaranteed level of protection could be undermined, accession is largely rejected. This document analyzes the Biomedicine Convention in all relevant parts, systematically examines the German legal situation, and provides a comprehensive comparison with the convention. In addition to international legal aspects, constitutional and medical legal questions, as well as ethical considerations, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, it outlines how accession to the convention would impact the German legal situation.