This book explains the current state of discussion regarding the scientific claims of evidence-based practice in health professions. From a multidisciplinary perspective, it addresses the development of the evidence base for therapeutic practice in Germany, discusses the discrepancy between evidence claims and the reality of care, and evaluates methodological consequences for demonstrating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The focus is on the competencies of health professions for providing needs-based care. In the context of the ongoing academic advancement in physiotherapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy, researchers, students, and practitioners will find a critical examination of the opportunities and risks of evidence-based practice.