The textbook provides an introduction to the organization and functioning of factories, which are the central element of production. This is particularly relevant in light of significant challenges such as the fourth industrial revolution and the reduction of environmental impact while simultaneously increasing productivity. The book first covers the fundamentals of factory operations. The initial chapters place production within the context of economics and business management. It explains, among other things, the history of production, its current significance, as well as the structures and strategies of manufacturing companies. Subsequently, it presents fundamental elements of innovation and product development that influence factory operations. The following chapters address the characteristic aspects and methods of factory operations.