"Foliations on Surfaces" is a comprehensive textbook that deals with one of the central concepts of modern geometry and topology: foliation. This concept describes a partition of the topological space into a disjoint sum of leaves. The book particularly focuses on the geometry and topology of surface foliations and explores their connections to ergodic theory, dynamical systems, complex analysis, as well as differential and noncommutative geometry. It is aimed at graduate students and researchers and serves as a valuable reference work for experts in the field.