In light of the worldwide increase in nosocomial infections, the consistent adherence to hand hygiene is becoming increasingly important. It is now widely accepted, even in the Anglo-American world, that alcoholic hand rubs are superior to antiseptic soaps for hand disinfection. However convincing the microbicidal efficacy may be, the success of infection prevention only materializes when compliance is ensured. This work makes a significant contribution to this topic with its scientifically grounded and practice-oriented insights. The international team of authors addresses the most important current aspects of hand hygiene: - Epidemiological significance of hands - Toxicology and compatibility of active substances - Compliance - International standards and recommendations - Financial benefits of hand hygiene.