This volume is the continuation and provisional conclusion of a systematic presentation of the theory of thermal stresses, which began with the book "Thermal Stresses Due to Steady Temperature Fields" by E. Melan and H. Parkus. While that work assumed steady temperature fields and perfectly elastic materials, this one addresses non-stationary processes, considering both perfectly elastic and viscoelastic as well as elasto-plastic bodies. Occasional references to the aforementioned work, briefly cited as Melan-Parkus, were unavoidable. However, I hope that this new work is understandable even without prior knowledge of the first. Interest in thermal stress problems has significantly increased in recent years, as evidenced by the continuously growing number of one-sided publications on the topic.