Jan Felix Engelhardt examines the establishment of Islamic theology at German universities for the first time from a sociological perspective on science. The study analyzes how Islamic knowledge production in Germany differentiates itself as an independent discipline and how it responds to the various expectations from the Muslim community, politics, the public, and academia. The author also explores how the first generation of professors conceptualizes their own field: What does it mean to be a Muslim theologian at a German university? How can Islamic theology be established as a science? And how do theologians assess the model of Islamic advisory councils?.