This newly revised and expanded presentation of nuclear physics is aimed at students after their preliminary diploma who wish to gain an overview of the experimental and theoretical foundations of this subject. Some of the material is already covered at several universities before the preliminary diploma. Additionally, numerous applications of nuclear physics methods in materials research and medicine are discussed. Alongside a historical overview from the discovery of X-rays to the heaviest elements, 118, a colored fold-out chart provides information about the known nuclides. Numerous exercises with complete solutions complement the text.