The cytology of the lung and pleura is a morphologically diverse and demanding examination method that allows for precise diagnostics only through collaboration among clinicians, radiologists, laboratory medicine specialists, and cytologists. This book provides quick and detailed access to information about lung and pleural diseases. Chapters are dedicated to material collection, focusing on endoscopic examination methods, and material processing, including immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry. Subsequently, benign and malignant diseases are described in detail, including definitions, epidemiology/etiology, as well as clinical and cytological aspects. Cytological characteristics are clearly highlighted in blocks for quick reference and are illustrated in the image section with over 200 color images. The clinical cytology of the lung and pleura is comprehensively addressed.