How does artificial intelligence (AI) work, and are there parallels to the human brain? What are the similarities and differences between natural and artificial intelligence? Is the brain nothing more than a biological computer? What are neural networks, and how can the term deep learning be explained simply? Since the cognitive revolution in the mid-20th century, AI and brain research have been closely intertwined. In recent years, there have been several spectacular breakthroughs in AI, from AlphaGo to DALL-E 2 to ChatGPT, which were unimaginable until recently. However, researchers are already working on the innovations of tomorrow, such as hybrid machine learning or neuro-symbolic AI. But what do these terms actually mean? Based on current research findings and exciting practical examples, this non-fiction book offers an accessible introduction to the fundamentals and challenges of these fascinating disciplines. You will learn what neuroscience and psychology know about how the brain works and how artificial intelligence operates. Additionally, discover how AI has revolutionized our understanding of the brain and how insights from brain research are being used in computer science to advance AI algorithms. Explore the captivating world of these two disciplines. Understand why artificial intelligence and brain research are two sides of the same coin and how they will shape our future.