Herbal medicines still form the backbone of traditional Indian medicine, Ayurveda. The plants used here were originally employed based on philosophical considerations and the experience of the treating physician. With globalization, many of these medicines are also making their way to Europe. As synthetic medicines developed and the scientific advancement of medicine continued, herbal preparations initially appeared unnecessary in the Western world. However, a shift in thinking is now taking place: the Western world has recognized the pharmacological potential of many plant compounds and is actively seeking new active ingredients. Many plants from traditional medicine have proven to be extremely effective. This work presents the medicinal plants of Ayurveda according to their philosophy and the resulting applications.