This textbook covers the central topics of meteorology for students of geography, hydrology, oceanography, meteorology, navigation, and climatology. In the second edition, the book has been expanded to include climatology and aerosol physics. It also features solutions to the exercises as well as numerous new illustrations and tables. Meteorology deals with atmospheric states and processes in their spatial and temporal distribution, with spatial scales ranging from a few millimeters to several thousand kilometers, and temporal scales varying from milliseconds to several million years, resulting in a great variety of atmospheric motion forms and structures. The work is based on many years of teaching experience at Humboldt University of Berlin and the Department of Maritime Studies at Jade University.